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Method of production Oxycodone:
Oxycodone (roxicodone): 5 mg tablets, oral solution 5 mg / 5 ml. Oxycodone and atsegaminofen (Tylox, Roxilox) capsules, oxycodone 5 mg and acetaminophen 500 mg.
Oxycodone and atsegaminofen (Percocet; Oxistat, Roxicet) tablets, 5 mg of oxycodone and acetaminophen 325 mg, oxycodone 5 mg and acetaminophen 500 mg.
Oxycodone and acetaminophen (Roxicet) solution, oxycodone 5 mg / 5 ml and 325 mg acetaminophen / 5 ml.
Oxycodone and aspirin (Percodan-Demi) tablets, 2.25 mg of oxycodone and aspirin 325 mg.
Oxycodone and aspirin (Percodan, codoxin, roxiprin) tablets, 4.5 mg of oxycodone and aspirin 325 ml.
Dosage and administration Oxycodone.
Analgesia: 5-10 mg orally 4-6 hours. Due to the violation and eliminate the accumulation of excess sedation can occur in patients with renal or hepatic dysfunction. Analgesia may be increased by an additional designation of other drugs, NSAIDs, antidepressants and non-drug therapy.
Elimination: the liver, kidneys.
Indications for use Oxycodone.
Treatment of acute, chronic pain, pain reliever in oncology.
Pharmacology Oxycodone.
Oxycodone has a moderate analgesic effect. It may be more effective for pain of an acute nature than in prolonged pain. 10 mg of oral oxycodone equivalents received by the effectiveness of 20 mg oral morphine sulfate, 30 mg of oral codeine, oxycodone 5 mg intramuscularly and 33 mg intramuscular morphine sulfate. Psychological and physical dependence may develop in re-admission. The danger of abuse is similar to receiving codeine. Oxycodone is only partially suppresses withdrawal symptoms in patients physically dependent on other drugs. Oxycodone crosses the placental barrier. Registered in low doses in human breast milk. However, no side effects were noted in the newborn.
Pharmacokinetics Oxycodone.
Onset of action: Oral 10-15 minutes. Maximum effect: PO 30 – 60 minutes.
Duration of action: 3-6 hours by mouth.
Interactions with other drugs. Enhanced effect when used in conjunction with other drugs, NSAIDs, antidepressants, sedatives, alcohol. Decreased effectiveness of oxycodone in smokers.
Toxicity Oxycodone:
The toxic range 0,6-10 mg / ml.
Symptoms of intoxication.
Drowsiness, coma, respiratory arrest, asphyxia, cardiac arrhythmia, respiratory and metabolic acidosis, circulatory collapse, cardiac arrest and death.
Antidotes. Naloxone 0.4 – 2 mg intravenously, repeat dose every 2-3 minutes, leading to a maximum of 10-20 mg.
Treatment of complications and toxicity.
Discontinue medication; ensure adequate ventilation and circulation (airway, oxygen therapy, intravenous rehydration, vasopressors), enter the antidote, respiratory analeptics, to monitor blood gases and electrolytes, gastric lavage followed by the appointment of activated charcoal (0.5 -1 g / kg).
Precautions Oxycodone:
1. Reduce dose in elderly patients with hypovolemia, with the simultaneous use of other drugs, sedatives.
2. The form of the drug may contain metabizulfin sodium, which can cause allergic reactions in susceptible individuals.
3. Nausea or vomiting appoint antiemetic, for example, tserukal (10 mg intravenously every 6 hours).
4. In order to prevent or treat constipation to increase fluid intake, exercise therapy and appoint laxatives.
5. Tolerance is manifested by reducing the duration and increasing demand for drugs. In this case, add other narcotic analgesics, antidepressants, go to the reception of alternative non-drug IRS or add therapy.
6. The abrupt interruption of receiving IRS in patients with physical dependence may show withdrawal symptoms. In order to avoid withdrawal symptoms doses should be gradually reduced (eg reduced by 75% every 2 days). Further treatment of withdrawal symptom.
7. Combination drug with other narcotic analgesics enhance analgesia.
8. Enhance analgesia seek the appointment of regional blockades.
9. Non-pharmacological therapy includes percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and techniques such as heat and cold applications, ultrasound, massage.
10. Patients should be advised that oxycodone may inhibit their ability to solve complex tasks that require concentration or physical coordination, such as driving or working in heavy industry.
Side effects Oxycodone.
Cardiovascular system: hypotension, bradycardia, syncope.
Pulmonary System: respiratory depression.
CNS: sedation, drowsiness, euphoria, dysphoria, disorientation.
Kidneys: urinary retention.
GI: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, anorexia, hepatic dysfunction.
Eyes: miosis.
Allergic reactions: rash, urticaria,
itchy skin.
